Sure, here’s a detailed overview of Parkinson’s disease:
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What is Parkinson's Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder that affects movement. It occurs when neurons in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra die or become impaired. These neurons produce dopamine, a chemical messenger that helps control movement and coordination.
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Key Symptoms
Symptoms typically develop gradually and worsen over time. They can be grouped into motor and non-motor symptoms:
Motor Symptoms:
Tremor (shaking, often in the hands or fingers)
Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
Muscle rigidity (stiffness)
Postural instability (balance problems)
Shuffling walk, stooped posture
Non-Motor Symptoms:
Depression and anxiety
Sleep disturbances
Cognitive impairment or dementia (in later stages)
Constipation
Loss of sense of smell
Fatigue
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Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause isn’t known, but several factors may contribute:
Genetics (some cases are hereditary)
Environmental triggers (pesticide exposure, head trauma)
Age (usually affects people over 60)
Gender (men are more likely to develop it)
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Diagnosis
There’s no single test. Diagnosis is based on:
Clinical examination by a neurologist
Medical history
Response to Parkinson’s medication (like Levodopa)
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Treatment
There is no cure, but treatments can relieve symptoms:
1. Medications:
Levodopa with Carbidopa (boosts dopamine)
Dopamine agonists
MAO-B inhibitors
2. Surgery:
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
3. Therapies:
Physical, occupational, and speech therapy
Exercise and diet modifications
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Progression
Parkinson's is progressive, typically moving through 5 stages—from mild symptoms in s
tage 1 to severe disability in stage 5.
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