Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that causes problems with the production of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is an important component of red blood cells, which transports oxygen to different parts of the body. With thalassemia, the body cannot produce enough or effective hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.
Types of thalassemia:
1. Alpha thalassemia – There is a defect in the ‘alpha’ chain of hemoglobin.
2. Beta thalassemia – There is a defect in the ‘beta’ chain of hemoglobin. It can be of two types:
Thalassemia minor (carrier) – Usually no symptoms are seen or very mild.
Thalassemia major – Severe anemia occurs, and regular blood transfusions are required.
Symptoms:
Fatigue and weakness
Yellowish or pale skin
Slow growth in children
Bone deformities (especially in the face)
Piles or enlarged liver
Treatment:
Regular blood transfusions
Iron chelation therapy
Bone marrow transplant – this can be a permanent treatment for thalassemia
Folic acid supplements
Prevention:
Since thalassemia is hereditary, it is very important to know if both partners are thalassemia carriers by getting a blood test before marriage. If both partners are carriers, their children are more likely to have thalassemia major.
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